Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation

A musculoskeletal rehabilitation programme is an expert-led course designed for people whose muscles, ligaments, tendons, or bones have been injured, diseased, or otherwise compromised. Projects for musculoskeletal rehabilitation can routinely improve someone's ability to work, reduce symptoms, and improve someone's wellbeing. Musculoskeletal rehabilitation may be beneficial for a variety of problems, including amputation, back pain, tendon rips, bone cancers, and more. A programme for musculoskeletal rehabilitation can be completed either inpatiently or outpatiently. The goal of rehabilitation is to increase each patient's overall level of physical, psychological, and social well-being while assisting them in regaining as much ability and independence as is humanly possible.

• Occupational Therapy
• Repetitive strain injuries
• Work-related upper limb disorders

The main goal of mental health rehabilitation is to provide special treatment and assist those with complex mental health needs in gaining or regaining the confidence and skills they need to pursue the same kinds of life goals as other citizens, including living as independently as possible, participating in rewarding activities, having positive relationships with family and friends, earning enough money to support these goals, and contributing to society. The study's findings show that mental health rehabilitation programmes are clinically beneficial in helping persons attain and maintain community tenancy and in facilitating social functioning improvement. By offering assistance and access to housing, jobs, and social/leisure activities in the neighbourhood, they encourage and enable social inclusion for those with persistent mental illnesses. Such activities lessen the stress on the families of people who have severe and persistent mental health issues and may lower the expenses to society from these people's prolonged hospital stays and low productivity.

• Community Integration
• De-institutionalization
• Social psychiatry

Instrument Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilizations, or simply IASTM, is a straightforward and effective technique because the instrument's surface maximises the force delivered to the tissues while minimising the force applied by the practitioner. It is also another piece of equipment that gives clinicians the ability to effectively identify and treat patients who have been determined to have delicate tissue through aquatic exercise-based recovery. GuaSha, an advanced form of traditional Chinese medicine, is thought to have inspired the treatment. Due to its viability and productivity, IASTM is a methodology that will become increasingly used.

• Physiotherapy Instrument Mobilisation
• Forearm canes
• Axillary crutches

Athletics and physical exercise At all ages and ability levels, physiotherapists are involved in the prevention and treatment of injuries brought on by participation in sports and exercise. These expert physiotherapists provide guidance on safe sports and fitness participation that is supported by scientific research. Despite its limitations, the sports physiotherapist's job is well understood by athletes. Their impression of the sports physiotherapist is that she is highly injury-focused.

• Overuse injuries
• Cuts & abrasions
• Injury rehabilitation

Physiotherapy in the cancer and palliative care fields is a continually developing and producing claim to fame, both in hazardous and non-unsafe illnesses." As early diagnosis and new medications enable patients to live longer, rehabilitation is currently seen as an essential component of the treatment route for the two groups of patients. It is widely accepted that patients should pursue an appropriate degree of rehabilitation in order to increase their personal happiness and work at any rate of dependency, regardless of life expectancy.

• Traditional Rehab
• Skilled Maintenance
• Physical Therapy Pain Management

The fundamental goal of occupational therapy is to make it easier for patients to engage in activities of daily living. The work is done by therapists and is part of the allied health industry. A significant part in helping people of all ages overcome the impacts of impairment brought on by sickness, ageing, or accident is played by occupational therapists. Any comprehensive pain management programme must include occupational physiotherapy, which focuses on client-centered care, optimal independence, and performance satisfaction. Primary healthcare is occupational therapy's major objective.

• Mental dysfunction rehabilitation
• Assistive device technology
• Sensory processing difficulties

Physiotherapy for the nervous system because stroke causes impairment in two thirds of patients, rehabilitation after a stroke is essential. The stroke's magnitude and location both affect the level of impairment. For instance, a stroke on the left side of the brain usually affects speech, spoken word understanding, motor function, and feeling on the right side of the body. Strokes to the right side of the brain often affect movement and sensation on the left side of the body, attention, and spinal cord injury.

• Deep brain stimulation
• Spinal cord stimulation
• Physical therapy after brain injury or stroke

Cardiac rehabilitation, commonly known as cardiac rehab, is a specially created outpatient exercise and education programme. Cardiac rehabilitation is intended to improve your fitness and assist you in recovering after a heart attack, various types of heart illness, or surgery to treat a heart condition. Coronary-aortic by-pass graft surgery is the most popular kind of therapy for those who are recuperating from myocardial infarction and angioplasty. It is done to enhance heart function, lower the chance of reinfarction, and stop the atherosclerotic process from progressing. The objectives of cardiac rehabilitation include helping you build up your strength, keeping your condition from becoming worse, lowering your chance of developing future heart problems, and improving your health and quality of life.

• Myocardial infarction
• Coronary artery bypass surgery
• Percutaneous coronary intervention

Physical therapists (PTs) and other professionals routinely come into touch with patients, which put them at risk of spreading infectious diseases to others. Therefore, it is important for physiotherapists and other healthcare professionals to understand COVID-19, how to stop its spread, and how they may get involved in workforce planning. Since this may not be the ideal situation for everyone involved, they must use their professional judgement to choose when, how, and when to provide care. At the same time, we must keep in mind that our line of work is crucial to the wellbeing of our neighbourhood and that certain residents' health may be negatively impacted by care interruptions.

• Breathing exercises
• Primary ventilators
• Incentive spirometry

Whether they are youngsters or adults, physiotherapy aides help patients manage physical discomfort and recover or improve mobility. Under the direction of physiotherapists, they carry out their job in a number of venues, such as private practises, hospitals, fitness centres, and sports facilities. In order to take full responsibility for prevention, treatment, nursing, and rehabilitation at all levels of health and social care, nursing and health-care professionals must first go through rigorous training. Their expertise is built on the protection and rehabilitation of public, individual, family, and community health as well as health and social services.

• Skilled nursing facilities
• Geriatric settings
• Outpatient private practice

Any region of the body can sustain a sports injury, especially if your specialty includes defying gravity or the rules of physics. Bruises, sprains, strains, and other relatively mild injuries are among the most frequent sports injuries. Nevertheless, depending on the location and kind of exercise, there are more severe injuries for sportsmen. Athletes who undergo sports injury rehabilitation can efficiently manage their discomfort and resume their usual activities. We stress the significance of early injury detection and care. Exercises for flexibility will be used in combination with the prescribed course of therapy. To guarantee that the wounded site recovers to a completely functioning condition, progressive activities were incorporated in the rehabilitation treatments. Acute sports injuries, strains, sprains, muscle, tendon, and ligament repairs, tendonitis, hand injuries, shoulder dislocations, foot or ankle dysfunction, and post-operative rehabilitation are among the problems that sports physiotherapy tackles.

• Musculoskeletal injuries
• Recreational physical activities
• Therapeutic interventions

The rational study of human growth and muscular function is known as kinesiology. Kinesiology has a tendency to focus on dynamic physiological, biomechanical, and mental norms and developmental elements. Biomechanics and orthopaedic quality and conditioning, sport psychology, approaches for rehabilitation, such physical and occupational therapy, and gaming and exercise are all applications of kinesiology to human health. Measures from movement-following frameworks, electrophysiology of muscle and cerebrum activity, various tactics for evaluating physiological capability, and other social and cognitive research techniques are all used in investigations of human and animal movement.

• Adaptation through exercise
• Movement disorders
• Neuroplasticity

The most effective method of treating sports, occupational, post-operative, and vehicle accident pain is acupuncture. When combined with rehabilitation, acupuncture may be more effective than therapy alone in treating acute and subacute stroke emanation. Stroke can also result in severe impairment and is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Acupuncture is a relatively straightforward, affordable, and secures medical procedure that has been used for hundreds of years in China and is now becoming more popular in several Western nations. It's still not apparent, though, if the data is adequate to support the frequent use of acupuncture.

• Alternative medicine
• Traditional acupuncture
• Needling technique

There have been numerous significant advancements in physical therapy over the past two years, particularly. There has also been a resurgence of interest in the family of chronic inflammatory pain diseases known as spondyloarthropathies, which has been greatly spurred by the biologic age. Physical therapy patient and professional applications for smartphones and iPads are a developing trend.

Numerous applications offer practical resources including physiotherapy glossaries, workout videos, orthopaedic diagnosis tools, clinical exams, and even 360-degree visual anatomy and are reasonably priced or even free. When it created the Ekso suit, an aluminium and titanium exoskeleton that aids individuals with varied degrees of paralysis or hemiparesis with mobility, the Berkeley-based business Ekso Bionics pioneered rehabilitation services and gait training.

• Motion capture tech
• Rehabilitation robotics
• PT Practice management software

Yoga has a significant impact on conventional physical therapy. Yoga promotes physical, mental, and spiritual well-being by combining breathing techniques, meditation, self-reflection, and balance. Its capacity to accommodate any age, condition, or level of physical skill has contributed to its increasing appeal throughout time. Using yoga in addition to conventional physical treatment may help repair many muscles simultaneously, potentially accelerating healing, boosting muscular activity, and improving mental concentration. The benefits of integrating those two seemingly unrelated aspects of health become more apparent as we learn more about them, and go far beyond just increasing strength and flexibility.

• Modern postural yoga
• Transnational anglophone yoga
• Meditation

A specialist kind of therapy called vestibular rehabilitation (VR) or vestibular rehabilitation therapy (VRT) aims to treat the fundamental and secondary issues brought on by vestibular diseases. The primary goals of this exercise-based programme are to lessen vertigo and dizziness, unstable gaze, imbalance, and/or falls. Due to the tiny amount of vestibular function that may be restored, the deficiency is typically permanent for those who have vestibular disorders. However, following impairment to the vestibular system, people may feel better and resume functioning thanks to compensation. This happens as a result of the brain learning to compensate for the underdeveloped vestibular system by using other senses including visual and somatosensory. The amount of recovery that may be achieved through compensation depends on the condition of the brainstem and cerebellum, as well as the visual and somatosensory systems. Vestibular disorder symptoms can have a negative influence on quality of life and many facets of everyday life.

• Vestibular neuritis
• Ménière's disease
• Nerve compression

Before your planned operation, you will be assessed by a certified physiotherapist for a preoperative examination and preoperative treatment/intervention plan (Hip, Knee, and Ankle). This visit's objective is to create a baseline of details regarding your pain, including its type and intensity, as well as your functional capabilities, strength, the range of motion in each knee that is still accessible, and your breathing pattern.

• Post-surgical rehabilitation
• Muscle weakness
• Abdominal surgery

The study of physical therapy and rehabilitation for the elderly is known as geriatric rehabilitation. The risk of cardiovascular disease increases with age. Diseases caused by osteoporosis and osteoarthritis, such as hip and knee replacements. Geriatric rehabilitation also plays a part in intermediate care, where patients are referred by a medical facility or a family physician when it is necessary to provide doctor's facility-based immediate serious non-intrusive treatment for the recovery of musculoskeletal capacity, particularly for the recovery from joint, ligament, or tendon repair, and, or, physical remedy and recovery mind when elderly patients are unable to keep up with their medical team.

• Osteoporosis
• Osteoarthritis
• Cognitive impairment