Rett syndrome is a rare genetic postnatal neurological disorder of the grey matter of the brain that almost exclusively affects females but has also been found in male patients. The clinical features include small hands and feet and a deceleration of the rate of head growth. Repetitive stereotyped hand movements, such as wringing and/or repeatedly putting hands into the mouth, are also noted. People with Rett syndrome are prone to gastrointestinal disorders and up to 80% have seizures. They typically have no verbal skills, and about 50% of affected individuals do not walk. Scoliosis, growth failure, and constipation are very common and can be problematic. The signs of this disorder are most easily confused with those of Angelman syndrome, cerebral palsy and autism. Rett syndrome occurs in approximately 1:10,000 live female births in all geographies, and across all races and ethnicities. Neurological disabilities are caused by damage to the nervous system (including the brain and spinal cord) that results in the loss of some bodily or mental functions. Heart attacks, infections, genetic disorders and lack of oxygen to the brain may also result in a neurological disability. There are many hundreds of categories of neuromuscular disease. Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) and Epilepsy are two of the most common neurological disabilities. Neurological disabilities may affect a person’s capacity to move and manipulate things. A way a person acts, the way in which they process information or how they tolerate and express feelings may also be significantly changed.The effects of many neurological conditions can vary greatly from person to person as well as from time to time for the same person.

Physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R), also known as physiatry or rehabilitation medicine, is a branch of medicine that aims to enhance and restore functional ability and quality of life to those with physical impairments or disabilities. Occupational therapy is a client-centred health profession concerned with promoting health and well being through occupation. The primary goal of occupational therapy is to enable people to participate in the activities of everyday life. Occupational therapists achieve this outcome by working with people and communities to enhance their ability to engage in the occupations they want to, need to, or are expected to do, or by modifying the occupation or the environment to better support their occupational engagement.

Neurological rehabilitation is a doctor-supervised program designed for people with diseases, trauma, or disorders of the nervous system. Neurological rehabilitation can often improve function, reduce symptoms, and improve the well-being of the patient. Electrodiagnostics is a type of testing that allows us to get a better view of how well the connections from the eye to the brain are working. In cases of amblyopia and strabismus, head injury, brain injury and in conditions where a person is non-verbal or has trouble responding to health care providers, as in the case of infants, electrodiagnostic testing can give insights into the degree a signal is getting from the eyes to the brain. Cardiac rehabilitation is a medically supervised program that helps improve the health and well-being of people who have heart problems. Rehab programs include exercise training, education on heart healthy living, and counseling to reduce stress and help you return to an active life.

A spinal cord injury is an injury to the spinal cord resulting in a change, either temporary or permanent, in the cord's normal motor, sensory, or autonomic function. Common causes of damage are trauma or disease. Seating devices are an aid/equipment for people with disabilities to allow them to perform their task which cannot be otherwise done by them. Sprains and strains are common injuries that share similar signs and symptoms, but involve different parts of your body. A sprain is a stretching or tearing of ligaments — the tough bands of fibrous tissue that connect two bones together in your joints. A strain is a stretching or tearing of muscle or tendon. A tendon is a fibrous cord of tissue that connects muscles to bones. Strains often occur in the lower back and in the hamstring muscle in the back of your thigh. Initial treatment for both sprains and strains includes rest, ice, compression and elevation. Mild sprains and strains can be successfully treated at home. Severe sprains and strains sometimes require surgery to repair torn ligaments, muscles or tendons.

Balanced diet and exercise is a key to maintain good health. The benefits of exercise may have more reason to be sung after research reveals that it can help patients with anxiety disorders to reduce their symptoms. Exercise during pregnancy can be useful in preventing the risk of gestational diabetes and pregnancy-related high blood pressure, as well as lessen the symptoms of postpartum depression. In addition, it might reduce the risk that your baby is born significantly larger than average (fetal macrosomia).

Sports injuries can happen anywhere in the body, especially if your forte involves testing the laws of physics or gravity. The most common sports injuries tend to be fairly minor: bruises, sprains, strains, and more. Still, there are more serious injuries for athletes depending on the region and type of activity. Sports Injury Rehabilitation helps athletes effectively treat pain and return to normal function. We emphasize the importance of early injury recognition and treatment. In conjunction with receiving a course of treatment, specific strengthening and flexibility exercises will be implemented. Progressive exercises are included in rehabilitation programmes to ensure the injury site returns to a fully functional state. Sports Injury Rehabilitation treats a range of conditions including acute sports injuries, strains, sprains, muscle, tendon and ligament repairs, tendonitis, hand injuries, shoulder dislocation, foot or ankle dysfunction and surgery rehab. The anterior cruciate ligament is an important, internal, stabilizer of the knee joint, restraining hyperextension. An anterior cruciate ligament injury is the over-stretching or tearing of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee. A tear may be partial or complete. A chiropractor is a health care professional focused on the diagnosis and treatment neuromuscular disorders, with an emphasis on treatment through manual adjustment and/or manipulation of the spine. Hospice and palliative medicine is a formal subspecialty of medicine in the United States that focuses on symptom management, relief of suffering and end-of-life care.

The Biosciences in Rehabilitation are basic sciences which aim to explain body injury, adaptation and repair from the molecular to the cellular, organ system and organism level and to identify targets for biomedical interventions to improve body functions and structures. There is a need to organize rehabilitation and related research into distinct scientific fields in order to overcome the current limitations of rehabilitation research. Based on the general distinction in basic, applied and professional sciences applicable to research in general, and the rehabilitation relevant distinction between the comprehensive perspective based on WHO's integrative model of human functioning (ICF) and the partial perspective focusing on the biomedical aspects of functioning, it is possible to identify 5 distinct scientific fields of human functioning and rehabilitation research. These are the emerging human functioning sciences and integrative rehabilitation sciences from the comprehensive perspective, the established biosciences and biomedical rehabilitation sciences and engineering from the partial perspective, and the professional rehabilitation sciences at the cutting edge of research and practice. The human functioning sciences aim to understand human functioning and to identify targets for comprehensive interventions, with the goal of contributing to the minimization of the experience of disability in the population. The biosciences in rehabilitation aim to explain body injury and repair and to identify targets for biomedical interventions.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex injury with a broad spectrum of symptoms and disabilities. It occurs when an external mechanical force causes brain dysfunction. Mild traumatic brain injury may cause temporary dysfunction of brain cells. More serious traumatic brain injury can result in bruising, torn tissues, bleeding and other physical damage to the brain that can result in long-term complications or death. The groin is an area of your hip between your stomach and thigh, where your abdomen ends and your legs begin. The groin area contains five muscles that work together to move your leg. Groin pain is any pain in this area, typically as the result of an injury from physical activity or sports. A pulled or strained muscle in the groin area is the most common injury among athletes. The Achilles tendon is one of the longer tendons in your body, stretching from the bones of your heel to your calf muscles.

Cancer as a disease process reminds us often unexpectedly of our mortality. It frequently compromises our patient's vitality. It is also a burden emotionally and physically on family, friends, significant others, community, and other social resources. Cancer rehabilitation helps a person with cancer regain and improve the abilities that may have changed after cancer treatment. The goal of rehabilitation is to help a person remain as independent and productive as possible. Rehabilitation can improve the quality of life for people with cancer by improving physical strength to help offset limitations caused by cancer and cancer treatment, increasing a person’s ability to care for himself or herself and reducing support needed from caregivers and also reducing the need to stay at a hospital. Many cancer centers and hospitals offer rehabilitation services to their patients or your health care team can help you find local rehabilitation services. Patients and family members should remain active and informed partners in the rehabilitation process and seek the services they need.

Orthotics and prosthetics management is the evaluation, fabrication and custom fitting of artificial limbs and orthopedic braces. Prosthetists and orthotists deal with the assessment, diagnosis and management of the whole of the body. Prosthetists provide artificial limbs (prostheses) to people who have all or part of a natural limb missing. Orthotists provide supportive braces and splints (orthoses) to people with various conditions of the limbs or spine. Prosthetists and orthotists work with people of all ages and with different requirements.

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